Saturday, April 26, 2008

Off the Short Bus - Steve Fleming fought to make his Special Olympians equal, and that got him torched


Mark Graham
"It was amazing seeing how those kids felt in those uniforms and shoes versus what they had," Fleming says. "And I realized something, these kids can do more if you push them."


Off the Short Bus
Steve Fleming fought to make his Special Olympians equal, and that got him torched
By Jesse Hyde Published: September 13, 2007
Mark Graham
Mark Graham
"It was amazing seeing how those kids felt in those uniforms and shoes versus what they had," Fleming says. "And I realized something, these kids can do more if you push them."
Courtesy Flower Mound Mustangs
Steve Fleming turned the Flower Mound Mustangs into a golf powerhouse. At one tournament, they took gold, silver and bronze.
Courtesy Flower Mound Mustangs
Fleming made sure his teams looked good for competitions. "Don't tell me they don't know the difference," he would say.
Courtesy Flower Mound Mustangs
Courtesy Flower Mound Mustangs
Subject(s): Flower Mound, Special Olympics, basketball, Lewisville
On this much, everyone agrees: Steve Fleming was unlike anything the Special Olympics had ever seen.
At 6 foot 3 and 240 pounds, the former Marine had an imposing presence. He was also black, and in the 23-year history of the Lewisville Special Olympics delegation, there had been few, if any, blacks.
What made him unusual, however, was his philosophy. He didn't believe that his kids were special. Sure they were special, as any kid is, and yes, they had special needs, but he wasn't going to treat them differently than he would any other athlete. Instead, he would treat them like they were "normal."
And so he recruited, he drew up plays, he yelled—he even encouraged his players to talk trash. It wasn't rare to see him playing right alongside his players—swatting shots, hitting fadeaways, talking smack the whole way. In his words, he brought the "black funk" to the Special Olympics.
He also brought a new attitude. He taught the players to have pride in themselves. "They're athletes, all right?" he would say. "They may not be able to perform at the level of the varsity basketball player, but they're still athletes, and I want to treat them like they're athletes."
For Fleming it was simple: Give a kid a gray T-shirt and a bologna sandwich, and he'll play like a Special Olympian. Hook him up with new gear, make sure he has Gatorade to drink, and you'll be amazed at his capabilities.
One day in practice, for example, he noticed a player laboring to get up the court. Fleming called her over and asked her what was wrong. "My feet hurt, coach," the girl said. Fleming took a look at the girl's shoes, and there he found the problem. The girl was wearing one shoe from K-Mart and another from Wal-Mart.
So Fleming called up Nike and said, "I'm sure you get people all the time asking for donations. I don't want that. Just give me a deal on some discontinued items." The Nike rep was stunned. Never before, in 20-odd years, had he heard a request like that. So he agreed to give Fleming some shoes. Not just for the girl with the mismatched sneakers, but for the entire team.
Suddenly, the girl who couldn't run was flying up and down the court. The same thing happened when Fleming convinced Nike to outfit his team with silky new uniforms and warm-up suits. A boy who could never hit a shot, now decked out in his new gear, went to the top of the key and drained five jumpers in a row. Fleming couldn't help but smile.
It was hard to argue with his results. In his first year as basketball coach, his team won the state championship. And they didn't just win. At times, Fleming had to play three-on-five to keep it competitive.
Despite his success, not everyone was pleased. To some parents, Fleming's emphasis on winning seemed to fly in the face of everything the Special Olympics stood for. For many kids, the Special Olympics was their only social outlet. If Fleming made it too competitive, they would have nowhere else to go.
Plus, some of the kids on his team, well, they hardly seemed "special." The trash-talking, the swagger—the worldliness, as one parent put it—it all seemed so out of place in the Special Olympics. It was like he had brought the cutthroat world of Texas youth sports into the last arena where kids could still play just for fun.
The Lewisville delegation was divided. Half the parents believed in what Fleming was doing. Thanks to him, their children were performing at levels they never thought possible. The rest wanted him gone. Eventually, the delegation, 120 families strong, would split in two: Half the parents would follow Fleming to form a new group, called the Flower Mound Mustangs, and the other half would stay behind to pick up the pieces.
Today, Fleming is out of Special Olympics altogether. In July the Special Olympics banned him for a year and disbanded his start-up delegation, the first time in recent memory either has happened in Texas.
As a result, some of the athletes that followed Fleming are now in limbo. Their parents say the old delegation won't welcome them back, and without another place to play, they aren't sure where they will go.
But Steve Fleming remains unapologetic. His methods, he is convinced, while controversial and unorthodox, are the most effective way to help kids with mental disabilities. "You aren't doing your kids any favors if you treat them with kid gloves," he says. "At some point, they're going to have to go out in the world, and if they're not ready, they'll get their teeth kicked in. So I try to treat them as much as possible like regular kids."
As strange as it sounds, he may be right.
To understand how Steve Fleming got in this mess in the first place, you have to meet his son, Steven Fleming Jr. On weekdays after school you will find him on the football field with the Hebron Hawks. If he works hard enough, he might play varsity next year.
That is something of a miracle. The boy has the size. At 6 foot 4 and 240 pounds, he is now taller than his father. He can anchor a defensive line, like he did last year. But playing tight end, like the 16-year-old is this year, requires smarts. The boy may be many things, but smart is not one of them. He has an IQ of less than 70.
That he is playing high school football is a tribute to his parents, and especially his father, who has made it a point to pass on every bit of his athletic knowledge to his son.
It's been that way since the boy was in the first grade. At the time, the Flemings were living in Cleveland. One spring afternoon, while most kids were outside playing, Fleming came home to find his son sitting on the couch. Fleming asked his son why he wasn't outside playing. "No other kids will play with me," the boy said. They said he was too dumb.
"Man, that cut me like a knife," Fleming says. "So I made a decision right then and there that from then on, he would have someone to play with, no matter how tired I was."
Fleming had known his son was slow since the boy was 2, but he had been in denial. Part of it, Fleming says, was fear. He had been shot at, been in fights, been unable to pay his bills, but he had never faced a challenge like this one. "What did I know about raising a special needs child?" he asks. "I was terrified."
Once Fleming realized how far behind his son was in school, he and his wife did everything they could to help him, even investing thousands of dollars on teaching aides and tutors.
Fleming also believed in the power of sports to build self-esteem—he had played football in college and came from a family where much of life revolved around sports—and so he began teaching his son how to dribble a basketball, catch a football and swing a golf club.
In Cleveland, the Special Olympics program was small and disorganized. It wasn't until the family moved to Lewisville seven years ago that Fleming and his son became heavily involved in the Special Olympics.
At first, he wasn't impressed with what he saw. It looked like play time. No structure, no guidance; in his words, "just a bunch of kids running up and down the court."
To Fleming, sports were fun, but they were also about discipline. He had spent five years in the Marines, and if the experience had taught him anything, it was that success came only after hard work.
He volunteered to coach the Special Olympics basketball team his son was on, which happened to be one of the lowest-level teams. Immediately, things changed. He ran drills. He made the kids run "suicide" wind sprints. If someone made a mistake in practice, he stopped play to explain what they had done wrong. He also taught discipline and respect for the game. Talking trash was fine in practice but never in a game or to an opposing player. Talking back to refs would not be tolerated.
Despite his athletic background, he found it difficult to get through to the kids. Simple concepts like switching from one diagrammed play to another were hard for them to grasp. His point guard, for example, couldn't figure out what to do when the defense adjusted to a certain play.
One day, while running practice, he had an idea. So he called his point guard over. "David," he said. "Do you watch TV?" The boy nodded. "When you watch something you don't like, what do you do?"
"I change the channel, coach."
"That's right, you change the channel. Here's what I want you to do. When you're out there and you see something you don't like, you change the channel, OK? You've got two channels: play one and play two. When you see that one don't work, just change the channel."
And like that, it clicked. Finally getting through to his players, Fleming felt a joy he had never experienced in coaching.
At the time, Fleming was traveling a lot for work and periodically had to leave his team in another coach's hands. One day after practice, a parent approached him. "Steve," the parent said, "I don't think you realize when you're gone how big a difference it makes to these kids. It's totally different when you're here."
That was the first time Fleming had any indication that what he was doing was working. Complete validation would come that year at the state games in Waco. By this time, Fleming had secured the new uniforms and shoes from Nike.
"We go down there, and we hadn't won a game," Fleming recalls. "It was like watching a third-rate racehorse finally turned loose—we couldn't hold them back. We won every game.
"It was amazing seeing how those kids felt in those uniforms and shoes versus what they had. It was unbelievable how they responded. And I realized something, these kids can do more if you push them."
Not everyone was happy. One day in practice Fleming looked up to see a group of parents in the stands talking to each other. "What's going on?" he asked another coach. "They're trying to start trouble with you," a parent said. "They think you're pushing the kids too hard."
But Fleming wasn't going to stop. His kids were more than catching on; they were really beginning to believe in themselves. After they won the state championship the next year they told Fleming they were ready to take on a team full of "normal kids."
So Fleming called up SMU and asked if he could bring a team to the summer basketball camp. If he slowed the camp down in any way, he would take his team home, he promised.
The opposite happened. His kids were embraced. And when it came time for the tournament that would end the camp, two of Fleming's top players were drafted to the championship team. Fleming himself was coaching one of the teams, matching wits with a Division I college coach on the opposite sideline. As he puts it, he was in "hog heaven." It only got better when one of his players hit the game-winning shot.
When Fleming returned from the camp, there was trouble waiting for him. The board, a group of volunteer parents who oversaw the delegation, wanted to know why he had only taken his team to the camp. Why hadn't he invited the delegation as a whole?
And there were other complaints. One parent said he was bumping white players from his team in favor of black ones. Those who played on his team also got special treatment. On tournaments where traveling was required, for example, he often bought them dessert while other kids in the delegation had none. To Fleming, this was his way of rewarding his players for their hard work. But other parents didn't see it that way. In their minds, he was only interested in helping the most capable of athletes. In the "lower-functioning" kids, he had no interest.
Fleming couldn't believe it. He had raised money for the organization, he had volunteered countless hours, he had even spent money out of his own pocket to take care of his team. And for what? A bunch of ungrateful parents.
If they wanted him out of the organization, he would go.
There is another side to this story. That Fleming was an egomaniac, a man obsessed with winning at all costs, who would push aside anyone who didn't agree with him, whether they were parents who had been coaching for years or players who weren't good enough to make his team. He not only split the delegation in two, a delegation that had existed peacefully for more than 20 years, they say, he drove parents and their children away with his abrasive, and at times abusive, personality. According to several parents, he made physical threats, warning one school administrator that he would "kick his ass" if he ever messed with his son. There are some members of the delegation who say they fear him and will not be a part of Special Olympics if he is involved.
Because Steve Fleming isn't the only person in trouble with the Special Olympics, because the entire Lewisville delegation is on probation, none of the parents involved with the delegation, be they supporters of Fleming's or detractors, would speak on the record for this story for fear that they would be blacklisted by Special Olympics Texas.
"You've got to understand," one parent says. "If we get kicked out, our kids have nowhere else to go. This is the only game in town."
Parents on both sides will agree that the problems started long before Fleming came into the picture. For at least eight years, there were complaints about the delegation's head, an adaptive physical education teacher with the Lewisville Independent School District named Jim Domer.
Domer had helped start the delegation, but, according to several parents, he did little if anything as head of the delegation, even though the Lewisville school district was paying him a stipend on top of his regular salary for his work with Special Olympics. According to these parents, he often forgot to schedule buses to take kids to tournaments, he failed to have gyms open for practices and he sometimes showed up late for events. "I wasn't really sure what he did," says the mother of an autistic child who was part of the delegation for nearly 10 years. "All I knew was he was this guy who was always standing around talking to people, but as far as what his job was, I had no idea."
"Everyone did his job for him," says another mother who had been in the delegation for nearly 15 years. "There was no real responsibility there, even though the school district was paying him."
In the late '90s, a group of parents organized what one would describe as a "coup attempt" to have Domer removed. When that failed, the parents decided that they would have to make the best of a bad situation.
Other parents saw things differently. They saw Domer as a caring man who knew each of their children well. Sure, he made mistakes here and there, but they were minor. For the time he put in, they felt like he went above and beyond the requirements. (Domer would only reply to questions via e-mail and didn't respond to more than half, because, in his words, he saw no point in responding to negative personal attacks.)
When Fleming came along, things began to change. "He brought a fresh attitude. He started to question things. He wondered why our kids weren't treated the same by the school as regular athletes were," says one mother. "It sort of opened our eyes."
As a coach, and later, as an elected member of the board that oversaw the delegation, he recruited new kids into the program, focusing especially on minorities, which, according to Fleming, had been ignored under Domer. He put on the delegation's first ever basketball clinic, scoring sponsors to supply the water and cater lunch as well as a coach from SMU to run the clinics.
Over time, he built a relationship with SMU. Members of his delegation were ball boys at SMU basketball games, and during football season they had tailgating events with SMU athletes and cheerleaders.
"He brought in corporate people, landed sponsorships we didn't have before," says another mother. "He was exposing our kids to more than just the occasional competition and getting a medal. There was much more social interaction, and the kids loved it."
As the program grew in ambition, Domer's responsibilities became more important. On a number of occasions, say Fleming and his supporters, the Lewisville coach dropped the ball. One of the most egregious examples, at least in Fleming's mind, was the basketball camp held in 2005. For weeks, Fleming had worked to set up the clinic.
According to Fleming, he had told Domer well in advance about the camp. As head of the delegation, it was Domer's job to schedule the gym. A few days before the camp, Fleming stopped by the gym to make sure everything was set up. To his shock, the gym hadn't even been scheduled. What was worse, a remodeling project was set to commence that week.
Fleming says he got on the phone, and after a conversation with the school's principal, averted disaster. The camp went off without a hitch. He was furious, but he says when he complained to Domer, he was met with indifference. "What's the big deal?" he says Domer told him. "It all worked out."
Fleming and his supporters had had enough. In November 2005, the president of the volunteer board that oversaw the delegation wrote a letter to the head of the school district's special education department complaining about Domer.
While Domer's supporters would see the letter as an attempt to get him fired, those who wrote it say this was not their intention. Instead, they say they were hoping that the district could help him perform his job better.
When word of the letter spread, parents who had not been consulted about it, and who had been in the delegation for years, were furious. "They didn't speak for me," says one mother. "Could Jim Domer have done things a little better? Absolutely. But you have to remember that he had a full-time job and that's teaching special needs kids every day. He cared about those kids, and his heart was in the right place."
"We're all volunteers, everyone's doing the best they can, and all of a sudden they're treating this thing like it's a Fortune 500 company and Jim's the CEO," says another father. "His job was sort of like being the Scoutmaster for five troops. He was responsible for 100 to 120 people in 10 sports. He needed some help, not people trying to tear him down."
At a meeting several weeks later, tensions that had been bubbling for years between the two groups finally erupted.
"It was like a bad wedding," says one parent who was there. "You had one group sitting on one side and another group on the other."
At one point, according to several parents, Steve Fleming and a female supporter of Domer's got into a shouting match just inches from each other's faces. Others said the yelling between parents spilled into the parking lot after the meeting.
The bickering would continue for months, until finally, Special Olympics Texas and the Lewisville school district decided that the only way to resolve the matter was to split the delegation in two. Domer's supporters would remain in the original Lewisville delegation. Fleming's would become the Flower Mound Mustangs.
For a few months, this arrangement worked, but before long, the two groups were back at it. The Lewisville delegation accused Fleming's new group of recruiting athletes from their delegation. Then they accused them of stealing uniforms and gear. What was worse, Fleming was refusing to share uniforms Nike had given him. The equipment was donated to him, he insisted, not the delegation. Special Olympics Texas put both delegations on probation, meaning their athletes could continue participating in Special Olympics events but that if things didn't change, the delegations would be suspended.
But the problems didn't stop. First, three of the five starters on Fleming's state championship team were arrested on charges of auto theft. The whispers began. If these kids were smart enough to steal cars and take them to a chop shop, should they even be in the Special Olympics? (Fleming says only one of the boys was actually charged and that the boy stole a car so he could buy oxygen for his ailing grandmother. Fleming kicked all three boys off the team.) Then Fleming blew up at the State Games, causing something of a scene when his depleted team was seeded higher than he thought fair. The Special Olympics had seen enough. In May, on what seemed like a trumped-up technicality (inability to fill out paperwork and the creation of an unapproved Web site), they banned him from the organization for a year and suspended his delegation.
The dispute would make the front page of The Dallas Morning News in August. The article, which appeared under the headline, "Parents Fighting Leaves Special Olympics in Limbo," drew several letters to the editor. "I am appalled at these overly competitive parents," one reader wrote. "It seems to me that it is the parents, not the children, who lack sufficient brainpower. Get a grip!"
From the outside looking in, the ugly affair—which climaxed in threats of lawsuits and allegations of racism and theft—does seem one more example of parents pushing their children too far. But local special education experts say it actually represents something else—progress.
"If there's a silver lining in this whole thing, it's that parents are having this argument about kids with disabilities. Going back 20 years ago people really perceived students with disabilities as being largely incapable of athletic activity, among other things," says David Chard, the dean of the education program at Southern Methodist University.
For much of the last century, children with mental disabilities were viewed as a lost cause when it came to education. It wasn't until 1975 that the federal government, under a law called the Intellectual Disabilities Education Act, required states to educate the mentally retarded. Up until that point, some states refused to let special needs children through the school doors.
"Special education really rode the coattails of the Civil Rights Movement," says Tandra Tyler-Wood, an education psychology professor at the University of North Texas. "In fact, a lot of the language they used came directly from civil rights leaders like Dr. King. When you look at some of the things he wrote, you'll see that he wasn't just talking about black children, he was talking about all children."
The Special Olympics, which was founded in 1962 by Eunice Kennedy Shriver, represented a watershed moment for the movement. "With the Kennedys, I think because they were Camelot, they gave us the idea that it's OK to have a child who is mentally handicapped. Because until that point, if you had a child that was mentally retarded it was sort of your fault and you just kept that kid in the back closet."
Since the mid-1990s, the movement has been toward inclusion, or mainstreaming, which means placing children with mental disabilities in regular education classrooms. This can mean rearranging the curriculum or having special aides in the class to accommodate students with learning disabilities or more difficult mental challenges. Several states—and local districts, including Irving and Dallas—have experimented with this idea, to mixed results. Some say inclusion is the best way to prepare for the real world, but skeptics say it doesn't work, that regular-ed teachers aren't equipped to deal with a child who is mentally handicapped. As a result, special needs children in standard classrooms often don't get enough attention, or they get too much, impairing the education of everyone else in the class.
Tyler-Wood says Fleming's philosophy of treating special ed kids as normally as possible would be applauded by proponents of the inclusion movement. His contention that winning and "looking sharp" often matters as much to the mentally retarded as it does to "regular" kids is an opinion Tyler-Wood shares, and one that is backed up by research.
"Years ago I coached a Special Olympics basketball team that won the district tournament, and that meant so much to the kids," she said. "They had their names announced on the intercom, and they were heroes in the school for once in their lives. People were going around slapping their hands and saying, 'Way to go, you actually put our school on the map.'
"They had a school dance—none of them had ever gone to the school dance—and all of a sudden, people were asking them to dance. It was a miraculous breakthrough.
"How do you measure something like that? What makes a person successful in life? Quite honestly the reason people who are mentally retarded don't keep jobs is not because they can't read well or because they can't write well, it's because of their social skills. And really, that's what special education is about. It's about maximum integration into the greater society."
Nancy Meadows, director of the Alice Neeley Special Education Institute at Texas Christian University, has also seen the benefits of expecting more out of children with developmental disabilities. At TCU she helps run an early intervention program called KinderFrog for children with Down syndrome or other developmental disabilities. By the time children leave the program, at the age of 6, they are ready to enter an inclusive setting with typically developing children.
"We fully recognize that they have disabilities, but we have high expectations, the parents have high expectations, and if we didn't, they wouldn't achieve as much," Meadows says.
Meadows can empathize with Fleming and his supporters—parents who choose to enter her program are often second-guessed by other parents with special needs children. "It's the same argument among parents who choose to have their children included with regular education kids and parents who choose to have their kids in a more private, more self-contained setting, in a more protective environment. It's a very personal decision."
The most important thing, Meadows says, is to find an educational environment that works for the child.
But Meadows also stresses that the spirit of Special Olympics is one of participation. If that is lost, and kids aren't having fun, it loses its value. The same could be said of all youth sports, Chard says, whether the participants are disabled or not.
"I think the really exciting aspect of this, again, is that parents are having this argument in the first place," Chard says. "It sounds like an argument any group of parents about any group of children could be having. How much do you want your child to be in a competitive sport and at what age? And it's exciting that today parents with children who have disabilities are asking themselves these questions, because even 20 years ago, that wouldn't have happened."
A month has passed since Steve Fleming was kicked out of the Special Olympics and his Flower Mound delegation was disbanded. Some parents who followed him still don't know what the future holds. They say the original delegation, which is also on probation, has been less than welcoming. In one case in particular, they denied a boy's bid to rejoin the delegation after he'd left for Flower Mound. The reason? His father is a troublemaker.
Members of the Lewisville delegation say they are trying to put the past behind them. They say that things are better now that Fleming and his supporters are gone. The group made mountains out of molehills, they say, specifically when it came to Domer. The last few months, parents say, have been especially hard on Domer, who was one of the delegation's founding members 25 years ago.
If there are any questions about his dedication, they point to the fact that he has given up his district-paid stipend to continue running the delegation.
"Our delegation chooses to focus on continuing to provide sport activities and opportunities for the Special Olympics athletes, which is why we are here. There are a tremendous number of families who devote countless hours to this organization and who also want to move forward and focus on the athletes, consistent with the Special Olympics mission," Domer wrote in an e-mail.
The most important thing, Domer's supporters say, is that their children are having fun again. That, they say, is the true spirit of the Special Olympics.
"We just want our kids to go out there and do their best and have fun and feel good about themselves. You have to remember that for most of these kids, this is the only place where they can go and feel good about themselves. And it's the only outlet for their parents to be around people who understand what it's like to raise a special needs child," says one mother. "We don't care if the kids win or they have the most expensive uniforms on the planet, and honestly, neither do the kids."
But other parents wonder. They say Fleming opened their eyes to new possibilities. One mother says she never believed her son could grasp golf. Fleming convinced her otherwise, and now her son loves the sport.
"He elevated my opinion of what I should expect or not expect of my kid and what is acceptable and not acceptable," says one mother. "Why shouldn't our kids be treated like other athletes—why shouldn't we expect more out of our kids?"
Late last month, Special Olympics Texas approved the formation of a new delegation made up of former members of the Flower Mound Mustangs, meaning those children who were caught between two warring groups of parents will now have a place to play.
Steve Fleming, however, says he will not be joining them. If he has any regrets, it is that he became involved in the organization in the first place.
He knows he offended many people, but he remains unapologetic. His focus, he says, is on his son. Soon, the boy will be old enough to strike out on his own. What will take place if something happens to his father and mother, and he has no one to care for him? The thought terrifies Fleming.
"I'm in a position in my life right now where it's simple, either you're an asset or you're a liability. With my son, there's no question, I want the best for him. And if you're not giving him that and you're not getting out of the way for people that can do that, you and I are going to have problems."
Right now, the boy is in a good place. He's at a high school where his principal and his teachers are responsive to all his needs. Every week, Fleming says, his son's teachers brief him on the boy's progress. Fleming has put the same enthusiasm he directed toward the Special Olympics into helping the school: Not long ago he convinced a local business to donate $17,000 in computer equipment to the special education department.
Sometimes, when he gets off work early, he heads over to Hebron High to watch his son play football. He can't believe how well the boy is progressing. And the best part is that his teammates consider him one of their own.
He insists that he wants nothing more to do with the Special Olympics, but sometimes when the anger over his suspension subsides, when he remembers how things were in the beginning, you have to wonder.
"I remember the first team I ever coached and that girl came up to me and never had a decent pair of shoes and she cried because I got her a pair. I been with a girl last year, I'll never forget this. She never got a hit. All the games, all the practices, she never got a hit. We go to state games, two people on base, two outs, she got a double, and I went crazy.
"All that work you do, you don't think they can do it, and every time they step up."
The old Marine, the man known for yelling and trash talk, pauses to compose himself. "I get worked up just thinking about it," he says. "For these kids, it was the first time they had ever been treated like real athletes. And the saddest part is, because of a lot of bureaucracy and red tape and parents who didn't get what we were trying to do, they're never going to get to feel that again. We could've created something beautiful."
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Who writes this crap? I'm sure this is an amazing story and all, but it sounds like you're making it up as you go. In one sentence you write about a girl with mismatched shoes, then in the next paragraph you write about the boy with mismatched shoes. Don't y'all read this stuff before it goes to print?Kathy Leary
Comment by Kathy Leary — September 14, 2007 @ 06:07PM
This is in response to your article dated 9/13/07, "OFF THE SHORT BUS" Dallas Observer By Jesse Hyde. I am hopefully that from this article, some eyes will be opened in order to see what is happening to all the contributions that are donated to the Special Olympics and how much actually go to these children. It sure is not getting to the children. Occasionally, they go to a camp (3 or 4 to a room), facilities to practice (tax money,) Travel expenses back and forth to a camp. Anything else? And as far as Steve pulling in more Blacks than Whites - there are more Whites than Blacks in this program. Steve is for all children. Some accountability needs to be investigated as to where all this donated money is going. Information that is more positive should have been given to Steve rather than all the negative information. It was mentioned that 3 of his player got in trouble - but it was not mentioned that he had gotten jobs for a lot of the children, took some of them home, fed them, picked some of them up to go to these practices and games. Put on activities to raise money (So that the children could have the bread and not the crumbs.Working hard to get contributions to help his Delegation - no money from the Special Olympics. And so much more work that he did helping the children. It was not mentioned that Steve had received “Volunteer of the Year” for the year 2006. In addition, I cannot believe you printed his son’s IQ and that, “he may be many things, but smart is not one of them.” What a statement! - What is up with that? We are not all smart in everything. I just cannot believe this statement was printed. It is interesting that Mr. Domer has now given up his “district-paid stipend to continue running the delegation.” Why now? I am sure, when Eunice Kennedy Shriver founded this program in 1962; it was for the children and children only. How did this program get so far out of control? I just wonder who is watching whom. God help us all!
Comment by E.Chavis — September 15, 2007 @ 06:54PM
This is in response to your article dated 9/13/07, "OFF THE SHORT BUS" Dallas Observer By Jesse Hyde. I am hopefully that from this article, some eyes will be opened in order to see what is happening to all the contributions that are donated to the Special Olympics and how much actually go to these children. It sure is not getting to the children. Occasionally, they go to a camp (3 or 4 to a room), facilities to practice (tax money,) Travel expenses back and forth to a camp. Anything else? And as far as Steve pulling in more Blacks than Whites - there are more Whites than Blacks in this program. Steve is for all children. Some accountability need to be investigated as to where all this donated money is going. Information that is more positive should have been given to Steve rather than all the negative information. It was mentioned that 3 of his player got in trouble - but it was not mentioned that he had gotten jobs for a lot of the children, took some of them home, fed them, picked some of them up to go to these practices and games. Put on activities to raise money (So that the children could have the bread and not the crumbs.)Working hard to get contributions to help his Delegation - no money from the Special Olympics. And so much more work that he did helping the children. It was not mentioned that Steve had received “Volunteer of the Year” for the year 2006. In addition, I cannot believe you printed his son’s IQ and that, “he may be many things, but smart is not one of them.” What a statement! - What is up with that? We are not all smart in everything. I just cannot believe this statement was printed. It is interesting that Mr. Domer has given up his “district-paid stipend to continue running the delegation.” Why now? I am sure, when Eunice Kennedy Shriver founded this program in 1962; it was for the children and children only. How did this program get so far out of control? I just wonder who is watching whom. God help us all!
Comment by E.Chavis — September 15, 2007 @ 07:10PM
Do you authenticate the people writing comments - because the two (same) letters By E. Chavis comments - Off the Short Bus sounded like that person was intimately involved with Mr. Flemings' life to have so much personal information, yet they knew nothing about Special Olympics.Special Olympics is an extremely worthwhile charity and after being involved for the past 14 years, I encourage everyone to donate both their time and money to this worthwhile charity! Now to highlight a few (too many to touch all) false statements in this article - Athletes never go to camp - the writer must be confusing Special Olympics with a church function or Scouts, but there is no Special Olympics' camp! Also, E. Chavis, spoke of a stipend paid for being Head of Delegation - NOT TRUE - that was paid a School District position and Mr. Domer is a TEACHER in that School District! He has forfeited that position when the job requirements changed. As for the comment on raising funds portion so the kids could have bread and not crumbs. Our athletes are fed in very clean, wonderful restaurants when we go to State Games - in fact, before Mr. Fleming was removed from his Head of Delegation duties in Special Olympics, he took some teams to State Games, and we happened to eat at the same restaurant! Mr. Domer along with some other members of L.I.S.D. founded the Special Olympics program 24 years ago. Why not write a feature article on how the lives of Athletes participating in Lewisville I.S.D. Special Olympics have benefited by the opportunity to participate in this wonderful program! Sincerely, Vicki Griffin, O.C.D.S.
Comment by Vicki Griffin — September 19, 2007 @ 01:24PM
Great article! I think Steve should be commended for his hard work and dedication. I don't know the man personally, but what he did for those kids...JOB WELL DONE!
Comment by Lynette Givens — September 19, 2007 @ 01:25PM
This writer should have researched deeper and would have found out more!
Comment by Bubba — October 22, 2007 @ 11:12AM
While I don't disagree with what Steve was trying to do, I do disagree that the program suffered greatly without him. There are absolutely a wonderous amount of people in Lewisville who care. My daughter grew up in that program. I also take offense that most athletes are ill dressed and not cared for. While alot of us don't habe the money Steve has, we have the heart and have been coaches and volunteers for alot longer than him. all of the athletes I knew were almost always taken care of and NEVER misdressed unless you consider if it isn't NIKE is just ins't.As for bottle bottom glasses, i personally cannot afford $3-400 a pair but it doesn't mean I don't care and love my child, nor do I ever judge athletes by the way they dress. Maybe we just weren't good enough or affluent enough.I stand with Special Olympics decision knowing all of the facts. The goal is to make it all about the athletes. regardless of how they dress EVERY COACH I know never treated them as DISABLED. we all expected the best they could do. AND there are SEVERAL teams that won those same state games at the same time.Further more, Special Olympics ecourages good sportsmanship at ALL times. I would have an athlete sit down if he talked trash. To me that is making fun of others who possibly can't jump as high because they JUST can't, not for lack of trying or being encouraged!.There was never any regulations against any person or race participating, everyone was welcome opened arms. I am not disagreeing there were personal issue between some of the people, but that was it, THEY WERE PERSONAL. IF WE BRING THE NORMAL WORLD OF SPORTS INTO OUR PROGRAM WE TEACH NOTHING BUT BITTERNESS AND SORE LOOSING.NO THANKS!
Comment by sharon — February 8, 2008 @ 03:32PM
toggleReaderComments(true, 7);

Train Wreck - DART Needs to Build a Subway Downtown

DART Needs to Build a Subway Downtown
If DART backtracks on its subway promise, downtown traffic will be even more congested
By Jim Schutze Published: April 24, 2008
MORREY TAYLOR
Being on a train, reading a book—good. Being stuck in your car, waiting hours to cross a train track—very, very bad.
Subject(s): subway, commuter trains, downtown traffic, DART
Look, if you're like me you don't wake up in the morning thinking, "I can't wait to find out what happened overnight in regional rail policy."
I could wait a lifetime. But I also don't want to wake up two years from now in a nightmare where downtown Dallas is a ghost town switching yard for suburban commuter trains.
That would be bad. And that could happen. Then I will be sorry I stayed in bed.
For the last five months the stories about DART, our regional transit agency, have been enough to make me want to bury my head beneath the pillow. Awful. Billion-dollar budget goof. Chairwoman tossed out in stink. Chairwoman .
But as terrible and incomprehensible as all of that may be, none of it is the real story. The real story is that DART could be on the verge of severely shafting downtown Dallas for the next decade. I mean the big shaft. The do-or-die shaft for downtown.
DART must build a second rail line through downtown, some of it in a subway, or downtown is screwed. Unpleasantly, aberrantly so.
Four extensions of DART's light rail service are in play here. Two will go out to new stations in the suburbs; the Green Line, from Pleasant Grove to Carrollton by 2010, the Orange Line from the Love Field area to Rowlett by 2012. Two will go in Dallas, one from downtown to South Oak Cliff, the other, a second rail route through downtown, which is the problem.
Unless DART moves quickly to build the second downtown line, the existing downtown line is going to become a solid wall of trains down Pacific Avenue from the east end of downtown to the west end, with car and bus traffic stacked up at the crossings like cordwood.
That second line downtown is the big story. It has been for nearly 20 years. In 1990 after years of debate, the Dallas City Council forced DART to sign a contract promising to build a second line downtown with a subway when train traffic on Pacific Avenue reaches a certain point.
A bit of history: The proper way to bring a train through downtown is underground. A subway is the only way downtown rail can reduce traffic congestion instead of making it worse. But in the late 1980s, the suburban cities that belong to DART rebelled against a subway for downtown.
It was always about money. The suburbs thought a subway downtown would cost so much that DART would never have enough cash left to build rail lines out to them in the boonies. They threatened to pull out of DART.
DART's supporters were able to fend off the desperate-housewife secessionists by striking deals with them. For one thing, DART gave the suburbs nearly $200 million for street improvements just to shut them up.
Then DART also agreed not to build a subway until absolutely necessary. In the meantime we got what we have now—a design by which all DART train routes must pass in and out of downtown on Pacific Avenue, like sand sifting through an hourglass.
Cars wait for trains. Trains wait for cars. And we have agreed to do it this way until the train traffic gets so busy that it is in danger of shutting down all of the north-south rubber-tire traffic in downtown.
Downtown is already a maze. Nothing goes exactly north-south or east-west. Sometimes the streets downtown run sort of northeast-southwest, but then you drive two blocks and the directions shift again. It's enough to melt your compass, even without trains cutting across the streets.
Now imagine putting a solid wall of trains down Pacific and Bryan streets. Then the only way you can drive from City Hall to McKinney Avenue is by going all the way out of downtown, either west to Industrial Boulevard or east somewhere in deepest East Dallas, because the stupid trains have got you totally blocked off.
What do you do? I know what I'd do. I'd say screw downtown. I've got enough aggravation. If I am a major employer, I don't think I'm going to rent three floors of a high-rise if it's going to take me and my employees an hour to get out of downtown. That's time a major employer could be playing golf, studying Greek love poetry, reading to orphans and planning for world peace.
Why is DART train traffic about to increase so dramatically downtown? Because DART is on the verge of completing and opening the Green Line, bringing new train traffic that must sift up and down Pacific Avenue with the existing lines. In 2010 when that happens, the traffic on Pacific will exceed peak capacity.
According to DART's own published traffic projections, peak capacity for the Pacific Avenue "transit mall" is 24 train trips per hour. DART figures that if 24 trains an hour pass up and down Pacific, that will leave two and a half minutes between them, which should be enough for the cars and buses to barely squeeze through.
Any more trains than that, and the cars and buses are dead in the water. All day long, crossing Pacific will be like trying to cross an eight-lane boulevard at rush hour without a light.
The solution? Don't put all those new trains to the suburbs down Pacific. Build a "second alignment" through downtown with a subway. Why a subway? Well, otherwise the second alignment will still have a tendency to screw up traffic, even if you put it 10 blocks from the first one. It's like two long lines of hurdles 10 blocks apart.
In fact, it could be even worse. You could get caught between the two, so you wouldn't even have the option of turning round and giving up. Then your only option would be to climb up on the roof of your car and hurl imprecations at the Fates. That would be a memorable way to spend your last visit to downtown Dallas. Ever.
That's why the Dallas City Council 18 years ago made DART sign on the dotted line: According to DART's "Interlocal Agreement" with the city, a copy of which I have in my desk, "DART will commit to construction of a subway downtown" as soon as the train trips on Pacific reach 24 per hour.
I mention that I have the agreement in my desk, because, incredibly enough, some members of the current DART board and the current city council have professed surprise in public meetings when informed that such an agreement exists.
It's not just a handshake agreement. It's a fully executed, written contract.
I also have in my desk a DART study called "Corridor Capacity" showing that the "trigger" level of 24 trips per hour will be blown through the roof in 2010 as soon as the Green Line becomes operational.
So the subway will happen, right? It's in the contract. Right? If it doesn't happen, downtown Dallas is screwed. DART wouldn't do that. The city council wouldn't allow that to happen. Right?
Umm. Think back with me. On November 22, DART CEO Gary Thomas reveals to the DART board that DART has under-estimated its capital construction costs by, uh, let's see...100 percent. Instead of costing $1 billion, DART's current expansion plans will cost $2 billion, Thomas says.
Thomas explains he has kept the shortfall a secret from his board for a year, because he was hoping it would go away. I submit this is like a guy with a large tusk growing from his forehead. You say, "Gary, pardon me, but you have a tusk on your head." He puts his fingers to his lips and says, "Shhh."
On January 30, DART board chair Lynn Flint Shaw resigns under a cloud involving personal finances, criminal charges, a secret personal contract with Deloitte Touche (DART's external auditor) and allegations of irregularities with political contributions. On March 10 she and her husband are found shot dead in their home.
Stick with me through another wrinkle here. Shaw was treasurer of a political fund-raising committee for Dallas Mayor Tom Leppert. Even though Leppert has denied it publicly, it is well-known and was widely reported at the time that in August 2007, two months after he took office, Leppert personally engineered Shaw's ascent to the chair of the DART board.
Leppert and the city council now are in gridlock over an appointment to replace the late Ms. Shaw on the DART board. Half the city council wants to replace her with Joyce Foreman, the person Leppert helped remove from the board in order to pave Shaw's way to the chair. The other half is listening to Leppert's personal pleas not to reappoint Foreman.
Leppert and the city council have been stuck on the dime ever since the Shaw situation began to unravel six months ago. The effect has been to leave the Dallas DART board members in disarray and without leadership, to say nothing of being generally humiliated.
The suburban members, meanwhile, leapt into action immediately when the budget shortfall was revealed.
A clever, coordinated campaign enabled them to get the Irving-Rowlett Orange Line on the books—committed, ready for contracting, practically under way—while Leppert and the Dallas City Council were still flubbering around about the Shaw situation.
You can't blame the 'burbs. They want their new lines built. We want new lines built. New rail lines cost about $80 million a mile. For a good five months, it looked as if there was only going to be enough money for one side to win.
The 'burbs will never admit this, but I have been talking to DART board members on both sides, off the record, for months: The truth is the 'burbs don't care if downtown traffic gets backed up. They want their lines. No matter what. If traffic downtown gets messy, too bad. Downtown Dallas is for the City of Dallas to figure out. The 'burbanites are just passin' through anyway.
DART now claims it has enough money budgeted to pay for the second alignment and subway downtown, at a cost of $464 million. But a close look at DART's 2008 proposed capital budget shows that almost 40 percent of that money isn't really in the budget before the year 2018.
2018? By then they will have changed the name of the city to Lower Frisco.
How about year 2010, when DART's own corridor study shows creeping gridlock downtown without a second alignment and subway? By then, DART only has around 8 percent of the requisite funds in the budget.
And what about that budget? It assumes more than 5 percent growth in sales tax revenues for each of the next 20 years, even though Texas cities are already beginning to report serious budget shortfalls due to declining sales tax collections in a recessionary economy.
I won't dredge too deeply through the rest of the DART budget, but it also assumes major new borrowing levels based on two types of costly loans the agency has never taken out before. And it assumes the Texas Legislature will change the law to let DART borrow money without voter approval.
Listen. If I had to bet right this minute whether they will come up with the money for the second downtown alignment, or they won't—I would put my chips on won't. And they'll tell us they are very, very sorry about it.
Of the six Dallas representatives on the DART board right now, there probably is only one who understands the gravity of the situation. Dallas member William Velasco told me last week, "We have secured the money to do the Orange Line, but everything else is at risk."
"Everything else" means the subway and the South Oak Cliff line. To get those done, Velasco said, he thinks Dallas must get its act together, appoint the right people to the DART board and press its case aggressively.
But do the rest of the Dallas DART board members get it? Not so much. Generally speaking, Dallas' DART board members have been a timid lot.
Dallas member William Tsao said, "I anticipate that there will be some shortfall in the Central Business District," but he said the problem of construction costs is universal and not DART's fault.
Dallas member Scott Carlson said there are uncertainties, but he's sure DART will resolve them. "Yeah," he said, "I think I'm comfortable."
Joyce Foreman apparently wasn't timid enough. Leppert's main ally on DART matters, city council member Dwaine Caraway, has repeatedly explained the putsch to throw Foreman off the DART board last year by saying she was "too confrontational."
Caraway verbally attacked Foreman when she appeared before the council April 14 to be interviewed for reappointment to the DART board. Foreman kept her cool, but Caraway became angry and ultimately left the room before the interview was over.
The DART bureaucracy and the suburban members, meanwhile, have come to a peace agreement on Thomas' billion-dollar boo-boo. There will be no formal external audit of DART. A few underlings have been fired. Thomas will keep his job. It's all forgiven and forgotten.
This may all sound complicated. It's not. Think of it this way: The suburbs have got their act together and are about to get what they want from DART. Dallas is mucking around about side deals, contracts and influence-peddling and is about to get screwed.
What else is new?


Just to set the record straight, the Rowlett line is an extension of the existing Blue line going northeast of Garland, the Orange line will connect downtown with DFW airport and the UNT line will extend the Blue line in the south.
Comment by Nathan — April 23, 2008 @ 06:18PM
Jim, I find myself sharing your viewpoints quite often, so this is a rare miss. I do agree with the second half of the article. Dallas is too often a pushover in the region, seeming as if it is afraid to hurt the feelings of the suburbs. If Dallas were as take charge as say Addison or Irving on everything, it would be in a lot better shape. Dallas needs a no BS-style attitude that Joyce has.That said, the doomsday scenario you painted about a solid wall of trains blocking north and south downtown is just pure hogwash. Part of the reason is based on the presumption that trains every 2.5 minutes is the tipping point between traffic congestion and free-sailing roads. Part of this, I think, is Dallas' unfamiliarity with railed transit. The City forced DART into that agreement, but it is faulty.Here is some math for you. With light rail transit (LRT) trains run every ten minutes during rush hour. Currently, with two lines, that means a train will run every 5 minutes in one direction. With the introduction of the Green Line, that will mean trains every 3.3 minutes, and will be reduced to 2.5 with the Orange Line.At this point, I am sure that I am not introducing you to something you aren't used to. Now, compare that to a standard traffic light. I'll use the one adjacent to my home, the intersection of Saint Paul and Elm. It takes one minute, twenty seconds for the light to cycle through. Elm, the major street goes from green to red in only 32 seconds. So Elm, with its major traffic, sits at a red light for close to a minute.Now compare that to a train intersection. It takes a train, depending on the length and proximity to a station, between 15-30 seconds to clear an intersection. So, if every intersection was timed to allow a train to pass, then be clear for auto traffic, the street would be clear for 2 to 2.25 minutes. Now add both directions and assume one enters the intersection just as the other is about to leave, the intersection is occupied for one minute and unoccupied for a minute and a half. In other words, auto traffic is more free-flowing at this type of train intersection than it is on Elm Street at the St. Paul intersection.Now, onto your statement about the second line causing a black hole for congestion in the core, if the second line were built and the Green and Orange Line were operating, both would be operating on the new line downtown and both downtown lines would be operating at a capacity similar to today's Red/Blue combo. The answer isn't an expensive subway, although there are places were it would be more suitable for reasons other than congestion. The answer is simply timing of the train lights to stop traffic when a train is passing through, and allow auto traffic to pass through the rest of the time.That said, anything interesting happening lately with the Trinity River Project?
Comment by Branden Helms — April 23, 2008 @ 08:46PM
Is it also true that the trains cannot be longer than 4 cars going thru downtown Dallas so that their span does not exceed a city block? - in which case they would block traffic when they stop.
Comment by RRB — April 24, 2008 @ 02:13PM
The three cars trains DART sometimes uses now already block some intersections downtown
Comment by Alfredo — April 24, 2008 @ 03:01PM
I've been following this issue in the Observer since long before DART even made its original rail proposal, so I'm well aware of the issues with downtown trains and traffic. But just a quick question: Why all the emphasis on a subway? What's wrong with elevated rail? Wouldn't that be considerably less expensive than a subway?
Comment by Tom — April 25, 2008 @ 03:23PM
how about a monorail - probably much cheaper and faster to construct?
Comment by jonat — April 25, 2008 @ 04:44PM

Monday, April 21, 2008

My eBay Method: 13 Steps to Profitable Auctions

My eBay Method: 13 Steps to Profitable Auctions

Monday, 15th May 2006 (by J.D.) This article is about Hints and Tips, Odds and Ends


A few weeks ago I linked to Stephen Smith’s guide to selling stuff on eBay. Today I’ll share some tips of my own.
In February I sold $1500 of geek goods to raise money so that I could make accelerated debt payments. My auctions consistently fetched more money than concurrent auctions for similar items. Something about my method works. I recommend the following steps:
Research the hell out of each item you post. Dig through eBay to find what similar items fetch (and how often they sell). Check other places (Amazon, abebooks.com, other forums) to see what they charge for the item.
Use low starting bids. Low starting bids cost less to list, and they encourage participation. The more popular you expect an item to be, the lower you should set the starting bid. If you expect only a few bids, start bidding closer to your minimum desired sale point. For example, I sold some Tolkien videos on VHS that I thought would receive few bids, so I set my minimum bid at about $10. Do not use a reserve.
Start your listings on Thursday afternoons and evenings. Run ten-day listings. Time your auctions to end on Sunday evening between seven and ten Eastern (four and seven Pacific). This gives two weekends to attract bids.
If needed, pay the extra ten cents to prepare listings in advance and schedule them to start on Thursday evenings. Prepare a group of listings in advance, then schedule them to start within a couple of hours of each other. (Don’t have your listings end closer than within two minutes of each other.)
Offer free shipping and delivery confirmation. You could charge for these, but free shipping builds goodwill. Delivery confirmation gives you peace of mind. Free insurance is of dubious value; I sometimes offer it, but generally only on expensive items. You might offer it as a customer-paid option.
Offer a money-back guarantee, but only for when the item is not as described. (Not for when a person changes his mind or makes a mistake.)
Craft your auction title with care. For example, I recently sold a book entitled The Hidden Game of Baseball by John Thorn and Pete Palmer. I could have put all that into my auction title, but it would have been a waste. My title was geared toward keywords that I believed interested buyers would use: HIDDEN GAME OF BASEBALL Thorn Palmer SABR Bill James. Bill James had nothing to do with the book, but fans of Bill James would be likely to purchase it. You want many people to see your items in their search results.
Write a good description listing the strengths and flaws of your item. Write things like “I think this book is in great shape, but be aware that the cover has a small tear and the previous owner’s name is on the flyleaf”, etc. Try to place additional keywords in the description, but sprinkled into conversational sentences. For example, in my auction for the Tolkien animated films on VHS, I used the names of Peter Jackson, Liv Tyler, etc.
Be thorough. Many people advocate short descriptions. I disagree. I think that long descriptions are best, especially if they use bold text and highlighting to emphasize the important aspects of your auction.
Refuse to accept bids from headaches: people with negative feedback, people who haven’t been paying, foreign bidders. (Note: foreign bidders aren’t a headache for everyone; if you love ‘em, let ‘em bid!)
Take photos and post them in the description. Use the 35-cent gallery feature so that your photo appears when people browse listings. If condition is a concern, use many photos to convey the state of the item.
Answer questions. You will receive many questions about your items. Some of the questions will be stupid. Answer them anyhow. If it’s a question that many people are likely to have, post the your response publicly.
Be amiable! A friendly, easy-going persona is going to receive better response than a brusque, business-like persona. Make jokes. Show enthusiasm.
These techniques have worked well for me, even though I do two things that defy conventional eBay wisdom: I use ten-day listings and I provide free shipping. I feel that both helped me get better prices. For more information about online auctions, check out A Beginner’s Guide to eBay: Confessions from an eBay Store Worker.
Like garage sales, eBay is a great way to simultaneously purge your life of stuff and make money while doing so. A little extra time and care in creating your listings can yield a huge increase in profits.

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You may also be interested to read:
How to Sell on eBay
Spare Change #3
An Introduction to Get Rich Slowly
How to Find Great Deals on eBay
More Money: 5 Ways to Earn Extra Cash in Your Spare Time

The Holy Bible

The Holy Bible - Part 1 The Old Testament – Overview
4/6/2008 3:29:24 PM
Born in the East and clothed in Oriental form and imagery, the Bible walks the ways of all the world with familiar feet and enters land after land to find its own everywhere. It has learned to speak in hundreds of languages to the heart of man. Children listen to its stories with wonder and delight, and wise men ponder them as parables of life. The wicked and the proud tremble at its warnings, but to the wounded and penitent it has a mother’s voice. It has woven itself into our dearest dreams; so that Love, Friendship, Sympathy, Devotion, Memory, Hope, put on the beautiful garments of its treasured speech. No man is poor or desolate who has this treasure for his own. When the landscape darkens, and the trembling pilgrim comes to the Valley of the Shadow, he is not afraid to enter; he takes the rod and staff of Scripture in his hand; he says to friend and comrade, 'Goodbye; We Shall Meet Again;' and, comforted by that support, he goes toward the lonely pass as one who walks through darkness into light. – Henry Van Dyke

Before we begin today’s study, please bow your hearts before the Lord…

“Father, we come before you with Thanksgiving in our hearts for all your many blessings. We ask that you would give us understanding of your Word and help us to hide your Word within our hearts. We ask this in Jesus’ mighty name, Amen.”

Introduction

The Bible has been the best selling book by far since the invention of the printing press. In the past 200 years it has been estimated that between 3.5-4 billion copies have been printed. The most popular in the English speaking countries have been the King James Version, the New International Version, The Living Bible and The New King James. Millions of Bibles are sold every year as well as portions of the Bible, such as the New Testament and the Psalms, are given away free by various ministries.

It has been said that the New Testament is in the Old Testament concealed and that the Old Testament is in the New Testament revealed. This is a good analogy as we can see many prophesies found in the Old Testament are fulfilled within the record of the New Testament.

These 66 Books written by some 40 authors are all One Book. Or as Chuck Missler likes to say, “An integrated message system designed outside of our time domain.”

Holy Bible: A General Overview

The word Bible is derived from the Greek word, biblia, meaning "books," and refers to the sacred writings of Judaism and Christianity.

The Holy Bible is an account of history, prophecy, and words of wisdom comprised of 66 books, written over a period of some 1500 years, by 40 different authors. The Old Testament (Old Covenant) is comprised of 39 books written from approximately 1400 to 400 BC. The New Testament (New Covenant) contains 27 books written from approximately 50 to 95 AD.

The Jewish Bible (Tenach) is the same as the Christian Old Testament, other then its book arrangement and numbering. The original language of the Old Testament was Hebrew as well as some Aramaic. The original language of the New Testament was Koine (common) Greek.

The Name of God - YHWH

The Name of God, YHWH (“I AM” or “I AM WHO I AM”), is from the Hebrew text appearing in Exodus 3:14. YHWH, known as the Tetragrammaton, from the Greek, tetra meaning four and gramma-letter, also known as the “Four-Letters.”

The Tetragrammaton is considered so sacred that it was never pronounced in Hebrew (except once a year in the Temple while in the Holy of Holies by the high priest) and traditionally is read in the text as HaShem (The NAME) or in prayer as Adonai (My Lord) or El Shaddai (The Almighty). In most English Bibles it is traditionally translated as “THE LORD,” using small capital letters. Some scholars believe that the Name is pronounced YAH-WEH.

The Tetragrammation is found eight times in Genesis in different forms. 15:1 “I am your shield,” Gen 15:7 “I am the LORD,” 17:1 & 35:11 “I am the Almighty God,” 26:24 “I am the God of Abraham,” 28:13 “I am the God of Bethel,” 31:13 "I am the LORD God of Abraham thy father,” and 46:3 “I am God, the God of your father.” Exodus continues with 21 places God uses the term “I am” to describe Himself and is an interesting study in itself.

The First and the Last

The term Nomina Sacra is Latin and means “Sacred names.” It was common practice when copping ancient manuscripts to abbreviate certain words or phrases, a type of shorthand if you will. These abbreviations are evident in ancient manuscripts and help researchers to differentiate between Christian and Jewish codexes of the Old Testament.

The use of Nomina Sacra is apparent in the first verse of the Bible with the Aleph and the Tau, or the first and last letters of the Hebrew alphabet.

Hebrew text: http://www.blueletterbible.org/cgi-bin/tools/printer-friendly.pl?translation=heb&book=Gen&chapter=1#top

Hebrew is read from right to left and if you notice the forth ‘word’ or set of letters, they are not translated. These letters are the Aleph and the Tau, or the First and the Last.

If we were to translate these ‘letters’ into English we would read: “In the Beginning God (Aleph Tau or the First and the Last) created the heaven and the earth.”

We also find these letters in Zechariah in the Hebrew text, again not translated, when the Prophet speaks of the Messiah ...and they shall look upon me (Aleph Tau) whom they have pierced... Zechariah 12:10.

What is extremely interesting is that in the New Testament we see the use of the words Alpha and Omega (the first and last letters of the Greek alphabet ), explained within the text as the First and the Last - the Beginning and the End, to refer to Jesus Christ, or God in human form.

Jehovah

The name Jehovah is derived from the combination of the consonants YHWH and the vowels of Adonai. The name Jehovah was never part of the Hebrew Scriptures but entered the common English language through its use in the King James Bible.

The Old Testament

The name “Old Testament” comes from the Latin term vetus testamentum used by Tetullian in the second century AD.
The Old Testament begins with the Book of Genesis. The Hebrew word for Genesis (Bereshith) means “birth,” “origin,” or “beginnings,” and is defined as “the way in which something comes to be.” In Genesis we find the origin of the Universe and all life. We also learn of the beginning of sin and death and the birth of a nation, Israel.

God called Abram (whose name was later changed by God to Abraham-Gen17:5) to, “Leave your country, your people and your father's household and go to the land I will show you. I will make you into a great nation and I will bless you; I will make your name great, and you will be a blessing.” Gen12:1-2.

Isaac, the son of Abraham, also receives the calling of God and the promises of becoming a Great Nation - Gen 26:2-5

Jacob, Isaac’s son, whose name means “supplanter” or more literally, “grabber,” which is a fitting metaphor for his life, also receives the call of God. While in the womb he struggled with his twin brother, Esau and at birth he was clutching the elder’s heel. Later he supplants his older brother’s birthright which Esau sold him for a bowl of stew – Gen 25:31. Later in life God also changes his name, “…Your name will no longer be Jacob, but Israel, because you have struggled with God and with men and have overcome." Gen 32:28. Israel means struggling or striving with God. It was the twelve sons on Jacob (Israel) that are the 12 patriarchs of the nation of Israel.

The Old Testament records the history of this nation, both the good and the bad. This record was written by kings, shepherds, prophets and scribes on leather scrolls and stone tablets over hundreds of years as inspired by God.

Moses is the author of the first five books of the Old Testament, or Torah, Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers and Deuteronomy (other then the last few verses of Deuteronomy, which records his death and was penned by Joshua).

The Torah, which is translated as “doctrine” or “teaching,” and known in English as the Pentateuch, from the Greek Pentateukhos, which refers to scroll cases, is also commonly called the Law as the Laws of God, most notably the 10 Commandments, are revealed within its pages. The Torah is the first part of the Tenakh, the Hebrew Bible and the Christian Old Testament.

The word Tenakh originated from the initials T.N.K., the first letters of the three parts of the Old Testament. In Hebrew; these parts are the TORAH – the Law, NEVI’IM – the Prophets, and K’TUVIM – the writings (Psalms, history, poetry, etc.)

Following the Torah we begin with the “First Prophets,” Joshua, Judges, Samuel and Kings, which include the history of the nation Israel. Interspersed throughout this history of Israel we find stories of conquest and defeat, love and hate, betrayal, deceit, murder, and of course prophecy (prophecy is found dispersed throughout the Scriptures). The stories found within these books have stirred the hearts of men and women for centuries and are beloved by both Jews and Christians. (The books of I & II Samuel and I & II Kings in the Tenakh are counted as one book each respectively).

Within the books of the First Prophets we find the book of Ruth - a very prophetic book of the goel, or Kinsman-Redeemer; I & II Chronicles – written for the exiles who had returned to Israel following the Babylonian captivity; Ezra and Nehemiah - the story of the return from exile to rebuild the city of Jerusalem and the Temple; Esther – the story of Purim and God’s care of his chosen people while in exile; and Job - a book of several sermons in itself. From the sovereignty of God, suffering, obedience, blessings, and even the workings of Satan, the book of Job has long been a favorite and comfort to millions through the centuries.

Considered the ‘writings’ are the book of Pslams - songs of praise to God; Proverbs and Ecclesiastes - books of knowledge and wisdom; and the Song of Solomon - a beautiful human love story.

The last section of the Old Testament is the Prophets. Isaiah – from God’s judgment, His salvation, and a prophetic vision of the suffering Christ, Isaiah is one of the most startling and majestic of the prophetic books; Jeremiah – God’s Omnipresence, His judgment, and individual accountability permeate the writings of this Prophet in the setting before Judah’s eventual capture and captivity to Babylon; Lamentations– written by Jeremiah tells the story of the fall of Judah and the destruction of the Temple and true repentance; Ezekiel – More judgment of Judah as well as the surrounding nations, God’s total sovereignty over all creation; Daniel – a look at Israel’s captivity, the sovereignty of God, and prophecies of the coming world rulers. The ’70 weeks of Daniel’ is a prerequisite to understanding the book Revelation.

The final twelve prophetic books are known as the Minor Prophets which include Hosea, Joel, Amos, Obadiah, Jonah, Micah, Nahum, Habakkuk, Zephaniah, Haggai, Zechariah and Malachi. There is nothing ‘minor’ about them as their prophecies are of major importance. The term minor only refers to the length of the books, not their importance. We’ll cover these books of the Prophets in depth in later studies, Lord willing.

For those who have been fascinated with Eschatology, a branch of theology concerned with the “end-times,” these books of prophecy have become some of the most thoroughly studied in the past 60 years, since the re-birth of the nation Israel.

We’ll continue our study at a later time with an overview of the New Testament, history of Biblical translations, archaeology, the canon, the Apocrypha and how to study the Bible.

Common sayings from the Bible

Here’s a quick study for you of sayings from the Old Testament that have become part of the English lexicon. This is a fun, quick and educational study. Grab your Bible (or you can use the Blue Letter Bible link listed under "favorite links" at upper left of this page – use the KJV or NKJV listing on BLB) to look up these references and see how they were used in God’s Word.

Brother’s keeper – Gen 4:9

Fire and brimstone – Gen 19:24

Scapegoat – Lev 16:8

Eye for an eye – Lev 24:19-20

Sabbatical – Lev 25

Apple of the eye – Deu 32:10

Skin of my teeth – Job 19:20

Spare the rod spoil the child –Pro 13:24

Fly in the ointment – Ecc 10:1

Drop in the bucket – Isa 40:15

Leopard change his spots – Jer13:23

The writing on the wall – Dan 5

Until next week be like the Bereans and study the Scriptures daily (Acts 17:11).

Glory to our Lord Yeshua ha Mashiach (Jesus the Messiah)!

References
The Holy Bible
Halley’s BibleHandbook, Henry H. Halley
Archaeology of the Land of the Bible, Ephraim Stern
Old Testament Survey, W.S. Lasor, David Hubbard & Frederic Bush
Cosmic Codes – Hidden Messages from the Edge of Eternity, Chuck Missler
Archaeology and the Old Testament World, John Gray
The Bible as History, Werner Keller
The Bible, Max Anders
Every Prophecy of the Bible, John F. Walvoord
Strong's Concordance, Dr. James Strong
Vine’s Complete Expository Dictionary of the Old and New Testament Words, W.E. Vine, Merrill F. Unger & William White, Jr.
Fascinating Bible Facts, David M. Howard, Jr., Ph.D.
Bible Almanac, Anna Trimiew
www.blueletterbible.org
www.allaboutgod.com
www.allabouttruth.org
www.williamtyndale.com
www.conservapedia.com
www.khouse.org
BELIEVE Religious Information Source: http://mb-soft.com/believe/index.html
The Unbound Bible: http://unbound.biola.edu/index.cfm?method=multilex.showSearchForm

The Holy Bible - Part 2 The New Testament – Overview

4/13/2008 2:51:47 PM
The New Testament is the very best book that ever was or ever will be known to the world. – Charles Dickens

Before we begin today’s study, please bow your heart before the Lord…

Father, your love and care continues to amaze us. We are so blessed and ask that you would give us understanding of your Word and help us to hide your Word within our hearts. We ask this in Jesus’ mighty name, Amen.

Introduction

The New Testament is about a Man, and God’s plan of salvation for all of mankind.

In 4 BC, some 400 years after the book of Malachi had been written, a child was born of a virgin. Some 30 years later this Man began to perform miraculous miracles in the site of all those around Him. Obviously this was no ordinary Man. This Man is known to the English speaking peoples of the world as Jesus Christ.

Jesus Christ

The name Jesus is the Latin form of the Greek Iesous, which is in turn a transliteration of His Hebrew Name Yeshua, Yahshuah or YAHU'SHUAH, and means YHWH (God) is Salvation.

The term Christ, or Christos, is the Greek equivalent of the Hebrew term Messiah or transliterated Hebrew, Meshiach, and means “Anointed.” Or in Hebrew: Yeshua ha Mashiach – God Saves the Anointed!

Who are the Anointed?

Before we continue with our current study the above statement begs the question, “Just who is the Anointed that will be saved by God?” If you have put your faith and trust in Jesus, believe He has paid the price for your sins and have a personal relationship with Him, YOU are that Anointed. Salvation is a free gift. It cannot be earned no matter how good you think you are or how many works of good you have done. This is the Gospel Message, the Good News!

If you would like this free gift God is waiting to hear from you. Tell Him right now that you need Him and the salvation that Jesus provided for you on the Cross. It’s really that simple. Continue to speak with Him throughout each and every day and read His word, even the difficult parts. Get connected with a Bible believing and teaching church. As time goes on you will grow in your faith as well as God’s plan for your life and you will experience true joy in no matter what situation you might find yourself. Don’t wait until you think you are good enough to approach Him as that day will never come – COME JUST AS YOU ARE! His grace will change everything.

The Gospels

Just as the Old Testament has three sections, The NewTestament also has three distinct parts; The Gospels, the Epistles, and Prophecy (Revelation).

The New Testament begins with the four Gospels, Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John, which provide us with the history of Jesus’ birth, ministry, Deity, and His death.

The term Gospel comes from the Greek word “euangelion,” which means Good News. It must be noted that the information within the Gospels was taught and spread by the Apostles, as well as many of the eye witnesses of the events of Pentecost, for some 20 years by oral tradition before they were written down for all of posterity.

The first three Gospels are known as the Synoptic Gospels (from the Greek syn-together, and opsis-seeing or “seeing together” or “seeing with the same eyes”). These three Gospels share many of the same events of the life of Jesus as seen from different perspectives. There are many similarities of these three records and yet also differences. This is exactly what one would expect of three different witnesses of an event who are asked to relate what they saw and heard.

Matthew, one of the two Apostle writers of the Gospels, and as a Jew was writing mainly to other Jews. From the words and terms he uses it is quite obvious who he believed was his main audience. Matthew attempts to show his fellow Jews how Jesus fulfilled the Old Testament prophecies of the promised Messiah as well His human lineage connecting Him to David.

John Mark, a young man during Jesus’ ministry, is believed to be the first of the Gospel writers to put down his recollections of the events of Jesus’ life and death in written form. No doubt that Mark was an eye witness to many of the public events of Jesus’ life but it would seem much of his written account came from the oral teachings of the Apostles in Jerusalem.

Luke, the only gentile to have written any of the books of the Bible, (he also penned the book Acts or Acts of the Apostles), was a doctor and also a friend of Paul’s and accompanied him on several of his ministry journeys.

John, the “Apostle that Jesus loved,” wrote not only of the historical events surrounding the life and ministry of Jesus, but also of His Divinity and ties the Old and New Testaments together. This Gospel has become a favorite of many Christians today. As the Apostle John tells us, “Jesus did many other things as well. If every one of them were written down, I suppose that even the whole world would not have room for the books that would be written.” Jhn 21:25

Following the Gospels we come to the book of Acts. Acts is an historical record of the workings of the early Church, Saul of Tarsus’ (Paul’s) conversion and journeys, the Holy Spirit being poured out upon the Apostles at Pentecost, and the spread of the Gospel message throughout much of the Roman Empire.

Epistles

The word Epistle comes from the Greek word, epistole and means “letter.”

The Epistles are comprised of 21 letters. These letters are addressed to churches and individuals, and in reality, to all of us. 14 of the 21 books were written by Paul with the remaining attributed to James, Peter, John and Jude. James and Jude were Jesus’ younger brothers (half-brothers) by birth.

These Epistles arose to address special situations within the early Churches of the first century. These letters address behavior, misunderstandings, or doctrinal error that needed correcting and expound upon in the way a Christian should live.

The Epistles are: Romans, 1 Corinthians, 2 Corinthians, Galatians, Ephesians, Philippians, Colossians, 1 Thessalonians, 2 Thessalonians, 1 Timothy, 2 Timothy, Titus, Philemon, Hebrews (written by Paul), James, 1 Peter, 2 Peter, 1 John, 2 John, 3 John and Jude.

Revelation

Many writers and producers of Bibles have named this book incorrectly such as the “Revelation of St. John” or “The Apocalypse.” This book is, as stated in its first words, “The Revelation of Jesus Christ,” as it reveals to us the very nature of our Risen Lord. The Apostle John, while imprisoned on the island of Patmos, was visited by the Lord Himself in Power and in Glory, and was instructed by an angel, or heavenly messenger, to write down what was about to be revealed.

Revelation is the only book of the Bible that offers a special blessing to everyone that reads and heeds the things that are written within yet many Christians have yet read through the book. We believe this is due to the symbolism used by John who was shown events that would take place in the distant future that he would have no knowledge or reference. Much of the symbolism used in Revelation is explained within the text itself or can be found throughout the Old Testament. A good concordance should be utilized when studying this book.

Revelation begins with seven letters to seven early Churches in Asia Minor, tells of the rise of the Anti-Christ, a world wide government, the return of Jesus, the end of Satan and the end of the world as well as a New Heaven, New Earth and a New Jerusalem. The descriptions of this New World defy imagination.

This has only been a general over-view of the Holy Bible and we plan on going much more in depth on each book as we proceed with our future studies, Lord willing.

We’ll continue our study at a later time with the history of Biblical translations, archaeology, the canon, the Apocrypha and how to study the Bible.

Common sayings from the Bible

Here’s a quick study for you of sayings from the New Testament that have become part of the English lexicon. This is a fun, quick and educational study. Grab your Bible (or you can use the Blue Letter Bible link to your upper left) to look up these references and see where they are found in God’s Word.

Salt of the earth – Matt 5:13

Seek and you will find – Matt 7:7

Wolf in sheep’s clothing – Matt 7:15

The blind leading the blind – Matt 15:14

With God all things are possible – Matt 19:25-26

What God has joined together – Mark 10:9

Eat, drink and be merry – Luke 12:13-21

Sweating blood – Luke 22:44

A thorn in one’s side – 2 Cor 12:7-9

You reap what you sow – Gal 6:7

The root of all evil (the LOVE of money) – 1 Timothy 6:10

Keep the faith – 2 Tim 4:7

Until next week be like the Bereans and study the Scriptures daily (Acts 17:11).

Glory to our Lord Yeshua ha Mashiach (Jesus the Messiah)!

References
The Holy Bible
Halley’s Bible Handbook, Henry H. Halley
Archaeology of the Land of the Bible, Ephraim Stern
Old Testament Survey, W.S. Lasor, David Hubbard & Frederic Bush
Cosmic Codes – Hidden Messages from the Edge of Eternity, Chuck Missler
Archaeology and the Old Testament World, John Gray
The Bible as History, Werner Keller
The Bible, Max Anders
Every Prophecy of the Bible, John F. Walvoord
Strong's Concordance, Dr. James Strong
Vine’s Complete Expository Dictionary of the Old and New Testament Words, W.E. Vine, Merrill F. Unger & William White, Jr.
Fascinating Bible Facts, David M. Howard, Jr., Ph.D.
Bible Almanac, Anna Trimiew
www.blueletterbible.org
www.allaboutgod.com
www.allabouttruth.org
www.williamtyndale.com
www.conservapedia.com
www.khouse.org
BELIEVE Religious Information Source: http://mb-soft.com/believe/index.html
The Unbound Bible: http://unbound.biola.edu/index.cfm?method=multilex.showSearchForm
www.skypoint.com/~waltzmn/NominaSacra.html

The translations of the Bible


The Holy Bible – Part 3 – Bible Translations

4/20/2008 4:47:59 PM
I am a spirit come from God, and returning to God. I want to know one thing: the way to heaven. God himself has condescended to teach me the way. He has written it down in a book. Oh, give me that book! At any price give me the book of God. Let me be a man of one book. – John Wesley

Before we begin today’s study, please bow your heart before the Lord…

Father, thank you for your loving grace which you so freely give to each of us. We ask that you would fill us with your Holy Spirit, give us understanding of your Word, and help us to hide your Word within our hearts. We ask this in Jesus’ mighty name, Amen.

Introduction

It is believed that following the return of the Israelites from their captivity in Babylon, Ezra, described as priest and scribe (Ne 8:9), compiled the scrolls of the Old Testament and continued the tradition of the Jews of keeping and copying their Holy writings for future generations. It is obvious that they had kept their Scriptures during the 70 years of exile from the fact that upon their return to Israel the reading of the Law, as well as their feasts, were reinstated nationally.

Between 285 – 250 BC the Hebrew Bible (Tenach) was translated into Greek by Jewish scholars in the cultural center of Alexandria, Egypt. The translation became known as the Septuagint, a fancy word for 70, which is a reference to the tradition that 70 or 72 men performed the translation.

The reason for this translation was that at this time in history Hebrew, as well as other native languages, were being replaced with Greek and the only ones who would have spoken, read and written Hebrew were the priests. Following Alexander's conquest of much of the ‘known world,’ Koine Greek quickly became the universal language.

This translation is one of the most important throughout history and documents the existence of the Bible and the prophecies that would be fulfilled. Some scholars have tried to late date much of the Hebrew Scriptures to exclude the power of fulfilled prophecy and regulate the Bible to nothing more then poetry and possibly some history. The importance of this translation can not be overstated as it is the one cited by the New Testament authors and by Jesus Christ Himself!

Once the New Testament was written the real work of translation began in earnest. Even though Greek had become the universal language the Roman Empire had conquered the areas formerly held by the Greeks and continued to expand. There were many areas that had retained their native tongue as well as newly conquered lands and they wanted to read God’s Word in their own languages.

Writing and Major Translations/Revisions of the Bible

1400 – 400 BC: All the original Hebrew and Aramaic manuscripts, which make Up the 39 Books of the Old Testament, are completed.

285 – 250 BC: The Greek Septuagint translation is accomplished in Alexandria, Egypt. The 39 books of the Tenach, as well as 14 Apocrypha books, are translated from the Hebrew into Koine Greek.

100 BC – 100 AD: The Old Testament is translated into Syriac, a dialect of Aramaic, directly from the Hebrew.

40-95 AD: All original Greek manuscripts, which make Up the 27 Books of the New Testament, were written.

90 AD: Jewish elders, during the Council of Yavne, also known as the Council of Jamnia, defined a final Hebrew Biblical canon.

100-300 AD: Syriac was one of the first translations of the New Testament.

200-300 AD: Coptic translations are produced. There is much debate and disagreement between scholars as to the date of these translations but most agree that they were in use by the fourth century.

350-380 AD: A Western Gothic bishop, Wulfila, translated the Greek Bible into Gothic.

382-405 AD: Commissioned by Pope Damasus I, Jorome produced a Latin translation of the Bible. Jorome relied mainly on the Hebrew Tanakh for the Old Testament and revised a current Latin New Testament version using the oldest Greek manuscripts known to him. This translation is called the Vulgate from the Latin versio vulgate, which means the published translation. The Vulgate contains 53 books of the Old Testament (39 plus 14 Apocrypha) and the 27 New Testament books. The Vulgate became the official Bible of the Roman Catholic Church.

411-434 AD: In 406 AD St. Mesrob invented a new alphabet, for the Armenians, which was suited for the complex sounds of these peoples native tongue. In 411 AD several of his students began the task of translating the Bible into Armenian.

500 AD: It is believed by this time in history the Scriptures had been translated into over 500 different languages!

600 AD: Scripture translations in the Western world, for the most part, are abruptly stopped by the power of the Roman Catholic Church and their instance that the Scriptures only be written and transmitted in Latin. All other translations were outlawed and destroyed and anyone who disobeyed was put to death. This, we believe, extended the “Dark Ages” for hundreds of years!

864 – 865 AD: St. Cyril and St. Mathodius, two missionary brothers to the Slavs, invented the Glagolitic alphabet to transcribe the Old Church Slavonic language. St. Cyril is credited with the invention of the Cyrillic alphabet, based on the Glagolitic, and the Scriptures were translated into this language.

1000 AD: Early Anglo-Saxon translations of the New Testament are produced.

1384 AD: Relying solely on Jerome’s Latin Vulgate, Wycliffe produces a hand-written English translation of the entire Bible (all 80 books of the Vulgate).

1455 AD: Gutenberg invents the printing press and books can now be mass-produced. The first book produced? The Bible (in Latin).

1516 AD: Erasmus produces a Greek/Latin parallel of the New Testament.

1522 AD: Martin Luther translates the New Testament into German.

1526 AD: William Tyndale translates the New Testament into English from the original Greek language.

1530 - 1534 AD: William Tyndale completes the translation of the Torah and his translations of Johah and the New Testament are printed. In 1535 William Tyndale was tried for heresy and treason, found guilty and in 1536 strangled and burnt at the stake all for printing the scriptures in English.

1535 AD: The first complete Bible in English, the Myles Coverdale’s Bible, is printed including the 14 books of the Apocrypha.

1537 AD: The second complete English Bible, “Matthews Bible” from John Thomas Matthew Rogers was printed and also included the Apocrypha.

1539 – 1540 AD: The “Great Bible” was the first authorized (not illegal) English Bible. Printed on cotton linen sheets, as opposed to wood-pulp paper, is still in excellent shape today. This Bible was authorized by King Henry VIII (founder of the Church of England or the Anglican Church) to usurp the Roman Catholic Church and the Pope’s power. It is also referred to as “Cranmer’s Bible” as the Archbishop of Canterbury, Thomas Cranmer wrote the preface. The term “Great Bible” comes from the books great size and also included the Apocrypha.

1560 AD: The Geneva Bible, which was the first English Bible to include numbered verses, also included the Apocrypha.

1568 AD: The “Bishops’ Bible” is a revision of the “Great Bible” by bishops of the Church of England under the direction of Bishop Mathew Parker, Queen Elizabeth’s Archbishop.

1582 AD: The Latin Vulgate New Testament is published in English for Catholics.

1609 AD: The complete Douay-Rheims Bible is translated from the Vulgate and is published making the first complete Catholic Bible (80 books including the Apocrypha).

1611 AD: The King James Bible is produced. Originally the King James Bible included the Apocrypha making it 80 books instead of the current 66 which was established in 1885. A brief history of the King James Bible can be found here.

1782 AD: The first English language Bible without the Apocrypha was the Aitken’s Bible. Based on the King James Bible, produced by Robert Aitken and printed in America. A smaller 6” x 4” version, known as “The Bible of the Revolution” was carried by many soldiers during the Revolutionary war.

1791 AD: The first “Family Bible” and first “Illustrated Bible” are printed in America. Both are King James versions by Isaac Collins and Isaiah Thomas, respectively.

1808 AD: Jane Aitken, daughter of Robert Aitken, is the first woman to print a Bible.

1831 – 1833 AD: Noah Webster, called "America's Schoolmaster" for his famous dictionary, revised the King James Bible. As the Bible was the Book used by educators in schools, Webster felt that an updated version was needed.

1841 AD: The first English Hexapla New Testament is printed. This Bible lists six of the most important English translations in parallel columns. The original Greek is at the top of the page and this Bible includes a preface detailing how each translation from 1380 to 1611 assisted in the following translations.

1846 AD: Another King James version was the Illuminated Bible enacted by Congress in 1843 and printed by Harper & Brothers of New York. It has been estimated that less then 100 of these Bibles are still in existence today. They were lavishly illustrated and a sample page can be seen here.

1870 – 1885 AD: The Church of England decided to make a revision of the King James Bible. Teams of scholars were appointed and the first major English revision of the King James Bible, the “Revised Version,” was produced.

1901 AD: Due to the revised King James Bible in England, which was oriented for the British using their spelling and figures of speech, the first major American revision of the King James Bible, the “American Standard Version,” is produced in America.

1929 – 1952 AD: In 1929 the World Council of Churches began work on a revision of the American Standard Version. Their work was based on the latest scholarly Greek texts and their New Testament was published in 1946 and the Old Testament in 1952. This text is known as the Revised Standard Version (RSV).

1946 – 1970 AD: The Church of Scotland, under the supervision of Dr. C. H. Dodd began work using the latest Biblical research, including the Dead Sea Scrolls. The New Testament was published in 1961 and the Old Testament in 1970.

1956 – 1971 AD: Kenneth Taylor produced the entire Bible in “everyday” language, or a paraphrase. The New Testament was published in 1956 and the Old Testament in 1971. While this Bible is a paraphrase and not as accurate as other translations it has opened up the Scriptures to an entire generation of Americans as well as English speaking peoples around the world.

1966 AD: The Roman Catholic Church published the Jerusalem Bible. This translation is based on the original languages and has become popular with both Catholics and Protestants. A revision, the “New Jerusalem Bible” was published in 1986.

1966 – 1976 AD: The American Bible Society produced the “Good News Bible.” This is a readable and accurate translation into everyday American speech and is based on a careful study of linguistics. This type of translation is used as a pattern for translations into many other languages.

1971 AD: A modern word for word English translation, the “New American Standard Bible,” (NASB) is produced.

1973 AD: In the past 35 years many Christians have become “NIV positive.” The New International Version (NIV) is published as a modern and accurate phrase for phrase English Translation.

1982 AD: The King James Bible is revised and published as a modern English version which maintains the original style. The NKJV becomes popular with many evangacal churches.

1989 AD: The New Revised Standard Version (NRSV) is produced responding to the need for a readable and accurate text with “gender-inclusive” language.

The breaking with the Roman Catholic Church by England’s Henry VIII and the Reformation gave rise to many Bible translations throughout Europe. Between 1500 and 1700 most countries of Western Europe received translations in their own languages.

A brief history of the Bible in English from William Tyndale Gallery can be found here.

The Best Translation

You must have known that we would have to add our two cents to the on going debate as to which translation is best. As far as we are concerned all translations have their pluses and minuses and ALL should be used in the study of the Word. One should familiarize themselves with the problems of each translation and there is a wealth of knowledge to be found on this subject.

I recall as a child opening that big Book my parents kept and trying to read and understand it. I could not get past a few verses before realizing this was not something I would be attempting to read in the future. As a young adult and new Christian the Living Bible was a true joy to read and I took a pocket New Testament to work with me and read it every chance I had.

It really doesn’t matter what translation, version or paraphrase you use. The Gospel message is what is truly important and they all present that message well.

We’ll continue our study at a later time with Biblical archaeology, the canon, the Apocrypha and how to study the Bible.

This week we’re including a short quiz on the Bible. The answers appear at the bottom of this post. Let’s see how well you know the Good Book.

What is the longest book in the Bible?
What is the longest chapter in the Bible?
What is the longest verse in the Bible?
What is the shortest book in the Bible?
What is the shortest chapter in the Bible?
What is the shortest verse in the Bible?
Who was the oldest man in the Bible?
What page in the Bible can be torn out and thrown away?

Until next week be like the Bereans and study the Scriptures daily (Acts 17:11).

Glory to our Lord Yeshua ha Mashiach (Jesus the Messiah)!

References
The Holy Bible
Halley’s Bible Handbook, Henry H. Halley
Archaeology of the Land of the Bible, Ephraim Stern
Old Testament Survey, W.S. Lasor, David Hubbard & Frederic Bush
Cosmic Codes – Hidden Messages from the Edge of Eternity, Chuck Missler
Archaeology and the Old Testament World, John Gray
The Bible as History, Werner Keller
The Bible, Max Anders
Every Prophecy of the Bible, John F. Walvoord
Strong's Concordance, Dr. James Strong
Vine’s Complete Expository Dictionary of the Old and New Testament Words, W.E. Vine, Merrill F. Unger & William White, Jr.
Fascinating Bible Facts, David M. Howard, Jr., Ph.D.
Bible Almanac, Anna Trimiew
www.blueletterbible.org
www.allaboutgod.com
www.allabouttruth.org
www.williamtyndale.com
www.conservapedia.com
www.khouse.org
BELIEVE Religious Information Source: http://mb-soft.com/believe/index.html
The Unbound Bible: http://unbound.biola.edu/index.cfm?method=multilex.showSearchForm
www.skypoint.com/~waltzmn/NominaSacra.html
www.greatsite.com
http://www.bible-researcher.com/index.html

Quiz Answers

Jeremiah is the longest book in the Bible. It may not have the most chapters but does contain the most words. The book with the most chapters is Psalms.
Psalm 119 is the longest chapter with 176 verses. It is an acrostic poem with each group of eight verses beginning with successive letters of the Hebrew alphabet. Psalm 119 is a praise of the Torah (the Law) and each verse refers to God’s Word in some way.
Esther 8:9 is the longest verse in the Bible containing 85 words in the NRSV and 43 words in the Hebrew. This verse tells of Mordechai, Esther’s adoptive father, issuing an edict. For a real challenge find the Name of God in the book of Esther.*
3 John is the shortest book in the Bible. 2 John is a close second with 19 more words. There are five books in the Bible that are only one chapter long, 3 John, 2 John, Philemon, Jude and Obadiah.
Psalm 117 contains the shortest chapter in the Bible. This wonderful Psalm exhorts us to praise God for his goodness and faithfulness.
John 11:35, “Jesus wept.” is the shortest verse in the Bible. Even though Jesus would shortly raise Lazarus from the dead He still wept over the grief those around Him were experiencing.
Methuselah at 969 years of age upon his death. Okay smarty pants, how is it that Methuselah died before his dad?**
Yes, there is a page in almost all Bibles produced today that can be discarded, the blank page between the Old and New Testaments as the Bible is ONE BOOK!

* The book of Esther does not contain the Name of God – except in an acrostic in the original Hebrew.

** Who was Methuselah’s dad? Enoch, who walked with God and was taken to heaven - Gen 5:24. Both Enoch and the prophet Elijah were both taken to heaven before death. Could these two be the two “witnesses” who are to come in the “latterdays” mentioned in Revelation 11:3-12?